Health
Hips, elbows and DM: records to demand
This breed carries well-documented joint and neurological risks. Paperwork is the buyer's first line of defense.
Figures worth knowing
- A North American study cited by Wikipedia found hip dysplasia in 18.9% of German Shepherds and elbow dysplasia in 17.8%.
- Degenerative myelopathy is linked to an SOD1 gene mutation. A small UK study cited there found 16% of young dogs carried two copies and 38% carried one.
- Other conditions listed include von Willebrand disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (about 1% of UK dogs) and pituitary dwarfism, which has a known LHX3 mutation.
Reading OFA results
For hips, OFA grades x-rays in seven categories. Excellent, Good and Fair are within normal limits and receive an OFA number, Borderline is unclear, and Mild, Moderate and Severe are dysplastic. Preliminary hip screening covers dogs from 4 to 23 months. For elbows, OFA does not certify normal until a dog is 2 years old, and graded results run from I to III.
What to request for each parent
- OFA hip and elbow results with certificate numbers.
- A degenerative myelopathy DNA result.
- Any additional screening the source recommends and can document.
- A written statement of recourse if a hereditary condition appears.
Facts about size and lifespan follow in size, weight and lifespan.
Quick answers
Does a clear DM test mean the dog is healthy?
It means the dog does not carry two copies of that mutation. It says nothing about hips, elbows or other conditions.
Can I verify results myself?
OFA lists released results, so you can search the certificate numbers a source provides.
Want a professional opinion on your shortlist?
Send your ZIP code and a few notes. K9PN will refer the request to an independent professional who works with German Shepherds near you.